Възможности за химичен контрол на ръжда по фасул, с причинител Uromyces appendiculatus
Магдалена Колева
Abstract: Целта на настоящото проучване е да установи ефективноста на фунгициди на база: азоксистробин, дифеноконазол, пираклостробин + боскалид, бордолезова смес за борба с ръжда по фасул, с причинител Uromyces appendiculatus, при еднократно приложение. Използвани са сорт „Скития“ и „Добруджански 7“. Нападението от ръжда е проследено двукратно: при поява на соруси по вариантите и 14 дни след прилагане на фунгицидите. Изчислени са индекса на нападение (ИН), площ под кривата на развитие на болестта (AUDPC) (горна/долна листна повърхност) и ефективност (Е) на фунгицидите. Прeз 2023 стойностите на AUDPC са най-високи при контролния вариант (65,18/64,56), следван от бордолезовата смес (35,48/37,42), дифеноконазол (22,86/21,45), азоксистробин (18,74/20,32) и пираклостробин + боскалид (18,84/20,26). ИН при контролата е 34,26%, следвана от бордолезовата смес (32,96%), пираклостробин + боскалид (12,85%), дифеноконазол (9,56%) и азоксистробин (7,88%). Най-висока ефективност показва азоксистробин (78%), следван от дифеноконазол (72,1%), пираклостробин + боскалид (62,5%) и бордолезовата смес (3,76%). През 2024 стойностите на AUDPC са най-високи при варианта третиран с бордолезова смес (195,64/186,75), следвани от контролата (189,00/183,40). Най-нисък AUDPC има при азоксистробин (52,60/51,90), следван от дифеноконазол (58,23/65,10) и пираклостробин + боскалид (145,60/173,60). ИН е най-висок при бордолезова смес (66,24%), следван от контролата (65,34%), пираклостробин+боскалид (44,58%), а най-нисък при азоксистрибин (25,36%) и дифеноконазол (35,68%). Ефективността на използваните фунгициди през 2024 е най-висока при азоксистробин (61,19%), следвана от дифеноконазол (45,39%), пираклостробин + боскалид (31,77%). Бордолезовата смес не е ефективна по отношение на ръждата по фасул през 2024. Анализът на варианса за двете години показва достоверно влияние както на самостоятелното действие на проучваните фактори (година, период на отчитане, фунгицид), така и на тяхното взаимодействие по отношение както на AUDPC, така и на ИН.
Keywords: обикновен фасул; фунгициди; P. vulgaris
Citation: Koleva, M. (2025). Chemical control options for common bean rust, caused by Uromyces appendiculatus. Bulgarian Journal of Soil Science Agrochemisty and Ecology, 59(2), 61-72 (Bg).
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| Date published: 2025-06-25
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