Съдържание на микроелементи (Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni и Cd) в почвата и ориенталски тютюн след продължително минерално торене
Радка Божинова, Йовко Дюлгерски
Резюме: Влиянието на продължителното минерално торене с различни азотни, фосфорни и калиеви норми върху съдържанието на Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni и Cd в почвата и ориенталски тютюн (монокултура) е проучено върху 50-годишен стационарен опит. Изследването е проведено през периода 2014-2016 година върху Хумусно-карбонатна почва в Института по тютюна и тютюневите изделия, Марково. Установено е, че експериментираните норми на минерално торене са диференцирали сравнително слабо общото съдържание на изследваните метали в почвата. Системното минерално торене с конвенционални и високи норми не е оказало съществено влияние върху съдържанието на подвижните форми на Zn, Cu, Pb и Cd в почвата. Установено е доказано повишение на подвижните Mn и Ni при част от вариантите с минерално торене спрямо неторената почва. Концентрацията на Mn, Pb и Ni в листата на тютюна не показва доказана зависимост от нормите на минерално торене. Концентрацията на цинка в листата от долен и среден беритбен пояс се понижава значимо спрямо контролата при торене с високата фосфорна норма (N5P22,5K7,5). Установена е тенденция за понижаване концентрацията на мед и кадмий в листата при вариантите с минерално торене. При отглеждане на ориенталски тютюн върху Хумусно-карбонатна почва с добри буферни свойства, системното минерално торене не увеличава риска от повишено акумулиране на Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni и Cd в листата. Налице са предпоставки за получаване на качествена суровина с ниско ниво на съдържание на никотин, по-високо на разтворими въглехидрати и умерено на общ азот.
Ключови думи: продължително минерално торене; микроелементи; почва; тютюн
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| Дата на публикуване: 2024-06-25
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